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Moderators: justTripn, Elessar, dark_rain
Sounds like they're hoping that the threat of a lawsuit itself will be enough to get her to back down.
The four factors behind determining if something is protected under Fair Use are the following (I'm making assumptions on the nature of your friend's work, so correct me if I'm wrong on any of these points like it being on a website):
1) Purpose and character of the use -
It's not for profit, which is good. It transforms the original work somewhat. It's still for comedic purposes as far as South Park goes, but it's completely different from the purpose behind Trek, so it doesn't represent any kind of "threat" to occupying the role traditionally played by Trek since Trek is not a comedy.
2) Nature of the copyrighted work -
Greater weight is given to works that are created to educate or criticize, neither of which are being satisfied here. The original work (Trek and South Park) have both been "published" which means they are open to parody. The court generally protects unpublished works.
3) Amount and substantiality of the portion used in the newly created work in relation to the copyrighted work -
Aside from the characters, which span two different franchises, I'm guessing that it's all original work otherwise, right? So it's not reproducing a significant portion of their copyrighted work.
4) Effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work -
This represents no credible threat to either Trek or South Park's market share, since it's only hosted on a single website which probably doesn't have a huge number of hits and is not for profit.
If I were her I would do some more research into fair use and prepare a response to Viacom that addresses each of the factors raised above. Be cooperative and ask if there is anything she can do to work out an arrangement with them, but be firm in asserting that her work is strictly protected under fair use by at least three of the four required criteria.
Don't make open threats like "take me to court" or anything like that, but just make it clear that she believes she is on solid ground as far as her parody being fair use, explain why, and make it clear that she is willing to stick up for her right to release the parody, but in a cooperative and calm manner.
Honestly I think they're just hoping that the notice itself would be enough to get her to back down, because there's no profit in taking this to court.
I'd say she's fully protected, as it's parody. If you need to, cite Suntrust v. Houghton Mifflin, where the author of a parody of "Gone With the Wind" (called "The Wind Done Gone"). The court ruled that parody constitutes fair use.
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